Axle

Rollingstock axle

Denney Axle

0 Series Shinkansen Wheel-06

2008-04-23 Axle splines

Triaxle dump truck 2005-10-06.km

Axle

An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. Axles are an integral component of most practical mechanics and are a fundamental part of vehicles such as cars, bicycles, and airplanes.

Types of Axles

There are several types of axles, each serving different purposes depending on the vehicle or machinery they are used in. The main types include:

• Live Axle: A type of axle that is responsible for delivering power to the wheels. In a live axle, the axle shafts are connected to the differential, allowing them to rotate with the wheel and transmit power. This type is commonly found in rear-wheel-drive vehicles.

• Dead Axle: Unlike the live axle, a dead axle does not transmit power. It serves only to support the weight of the vehicle and is typically found in front of front-wheel-drive vehicles or the rear of some trucks and trailers.

• Stub Axle: Used in the front wheels of a vehicle, a stub axle pivots on a kingpin and is used to mount the wheel to which it is attached. This type allows for steering by pivoting around the kingpin.

• Tandem Axle: A tandem axle is a set of two or more axles situated close together. Trucks, buses, and trailers often use tandem axles to support more weight than a single axle can bear.

Materials

Axles are made from various materials, including steel, titanium, and sometimes aluminum. The material chosen depends on the required strength, weight, and cost considerations. Steel is the most common material due to its high strength and relatively low cost.

Maintenance

Regular maintenance of axles is crucial for the safety and longevity of a vehicle. This includes checking for any signs of wear or damage, ensuring that bearings are well-lubricated, and replacing any components that are not functioning correctly. Failure to maintain axles can lead to dangerous driving conditions and potentially severe accidents.

Innovation

With the advancement of technology, axles have seen significant innovations, especially in the context of electric vehicles (EVs). Some EVs use in-wheel motors, which eliminate the need for a traditional axle setup, allowing for more efficient use of space and reducing the vehicle's weight.

Conclusion

Axles are a critical component of many types of machinery, especially vehicles. They serve the dual purpose of supporting the vehicle's weight and, in many cases, transmitting power to the wheels. Understanding the different types of axles and their maintenance requirements is essential for anyone involved in automotive engineering or vehicle maintenance.