Axonal transport

Axonal Transport

Axonal transport, also known as axon transport or axoplasmic transport, is a cellular process responsible for the movement of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other cellular components to and from a neuron's cell body through the cytoplasm of its axon. This transport is crucial for the maintenance and function of the axon, and is carried out along microtubules.

Mechanism

Axonal transport occurs in two directions: anterograde and retrograde. Anterograde transport carries materials from the cell body towards the synapses at the axon terminals, while retrograde transport carries materials from the axon back to the cell body.

The transport is facilitated by motor proteins that move along the microtubules. The motor proteins involved in anterograde transport are primarily kinesins, while those involved in retrograde transport are primarily dyneins.

Role in Neuronal Function and Health

Axonal transport plays a critical role in the health and function of neurons. It is responsible for the delivery of necessary materials to the axon and the removal of waste products. Disruptions in axonal transport have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS.

Research and Clinical Significance

Research into axonal transport has provided valuable insights into the workings of neurons and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of axonal transport could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for these diseases.

See Also

• Neuron
• Neurodegenerative diseases
• Microtubule
• Kinesin
• Dynein