Azorubine

Azorubine

Azorubine (also known as Carmoisine, Food Red 3, Azorubin S, Brilliantcarmoisin O, or E122) is a synthetic red food dye from the azo dye group. It is usually supplied as a disodium salt and is used in food and pharmaceutical industries to give products a red to maroon color.

Chemical Properties

Azorubine has a molecular formula of C20H12N2Na2O7S2 and a molecular weight of 502.42 g/mol. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The dye is stable under normal conditions but can decompose under high heat or in the presence of strong oxidizing agents.

Uses

Azorubine is used in a variety of food products including confectionery, maraschino cherries, and processed cheese. It is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, particularly in the coating of tablets. In the European Union, it is designated by the E number E122.

Health Effects

There is ongoing debate about the safety of azorubine. Some studies have suggested that it may cause allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with asthma or hypersensitivity to aspirin. There is also concern that azorubine may contribute to hyperactivity in children. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that the available data does not support a link between azorubine and adverse health effects.

Regulation

In the European Union, azorubine is approved for use in certain food and drink products, but its use is banned in the United States, Canada, and Norway. In the UK, the Food Standards Agency has recommended that food manufacturers voluntarily phase out the use of azorubine, along with several other food dyes.

See Also

• Food coloring
• E number
• Food safety
• Food Standards Agency
• European Food Safety Authority