B45

B45 is a code used in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to denote Cryptococcosis, a fungal disease caused by the Cryptococcus species. This disease primarily affects the lungs and the central nervous system, but it can also affect other parts of the body.

Causes

Cryptococcosis is caused by the Cryptococcus species of fungi, which are found in soil and bird droppings. The two main species that cause disease in humans are Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. These fungi are inhaled into the lungs, where they can cause a lung infection. They can also spread to other parts of the body, particularly the brain and spinal cord, where they can cause a serious and potentially fatal infection called cryptococcal meningitis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of cryptococcosis depend on the part of the body that is affected. In the lungs, symptoms can include cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. If the brain and spinal cord are affected, symptoms can include headache, fever, neck pain, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and changes in behavior or personality.

Diagnosis

Cryptococcosis is diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood tests, lung imaging tests, and tests of the cerebrospinal fluid. The specific tests used depend on the patient's symptoms and the suspected location of the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for cryptococcosis typically involves antifungal medications. The specific medications used and the length of treatment depend on the severity of the infection and the patient's overall health.

Prevention

Prevention of cryptococcosis involves avoiding exposure to the Cryptococcus fungi, particularly for people with weakened immune systems. This can include avoiding areas with a lot of bird droppings and wearing a mask when working with soil or dust.

B45 Resources
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