Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis is a unique strain of the Bacillus cereus group that exhibits characteristics similar to those of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. This biovar has been identified as a pathogen capable of causing anthrax-like disease in animals and humans, particularly in regions of Africa.

Characteristics

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that forms spores. It shares many phenotypic traits with Bacillus anthracis, including the presence of a capsule and the production of anthrax toxins. However, it is genetically more closely related to other members of the Bacillus cereus group.

The biovar is distinguished by its ability to cause disease similar to anthrax, which is attributed to the acquisition of plasmids similar to those found in Bacillus anthracis. These plasmids encode the protective antigen, lethal factor, and edema factor, which are components of the anthrax toxin.

Ecology and Epidemiology

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis has been primarily identified in sub-Saharan Africa, where it has been isolated from wildlife and livestock. It is believed to be transmitted through contact with contaminated soil or animal products, similar to Bacillus anthracis.

The biovar has been associated with outbreaks of anthrax-like disease in animals such as elephants, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Human cases have also been reported, often linked to handling or consumption of infected animal products.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis involves the production of anthrax toxins, which disrupt cellular processes and lead to cell death. The bacterium's capsule helps it evade the host immune system, allowing it to establish infection.

Infection can lead to severe disease, characterized by symptoms such as fever, swelling, and hemorrhagic lesions. If untreated, the disease can be fatal.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis infection involves microbiological culture and molecular techniques to identify the presence of anthrax toxin genes. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics effective against Gram-positive bacteria, such as ciprofloxacin or doxycycline.

Research and Public Health

Research on Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis is ongoing to better understand its ecology, transmission, and potential impact on public health. Efforts are also focused on developing effective vaccines and treatment strategies to prevent and control outbreaks.

Also see

• Bacillus cereus
• Bacillus anthracis
• Anthrax
• Gram-positive bacteria
• Zoonotic diseases