Baku

Qobustan inscription

1541-Battle in the war between Shah Isma'il and the King of Shirvan-Shahnama-i-Isma'il

Sabayil relics

Ateshgah temple inscription

Баку. Набережная. 1861

Baku is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). As of DATE, Baku's urban population is estimated to be over 2 million people.

History

The history of Baku dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the 1st millennium BC. The city has been under the rule of various states and empires throughout its history, including the Sassanian Empire, the Arab Caliphate, the Seljuk Empire, the Shirvanshahs, the Safavid Empire, the Qajar Empire, and the Russian Empire. In the 19th century, Baku emerged as a major oil-producing region, which significantly influenced its economic and social development.

Geography

Baku is situated on the eastern coast of the Absheron Peninsula, which extends into the Caspian Sea. The city's unique geographical location has contributed to its diverse climate and natural environment. Baku experiences a semi-arid climate, with hot summers and mild winters.

Economy

The economy of Baku is heavily reliant on the petroleum industry. The city has been known for its oil reserves since ancient times, and it became a major world oil producer by the beginning of the 20th century. Today, Baku continues to be a significant center for oil and gas industries, as well as for other sectors such as trade, transportation, and tourism.

Culture

Baku boasts a vibrant cultural life, with a rich history that is reflected in its architecture, music, and literature. The Inner City of Baku, along with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. The city is also home to numerous museums, theaters, and galleries, showcasing both traditional Azerbaijani and international art.

Education

Baku is a major educational center of Azerbaijan, hosting many of the country's most prestigious universities and institutions. These include Baku State University, Azerbaijan Technical University, and Azerbaijan Medical University.

Transportation

The city has a well-developed transportation network, including the Baku Metro, buses, and a large seaport. Heydar Aliyev International Airport serves as the main gateway for international flights.

Demographics

Baku is the most populous city in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus region. It has a diverse population, with Azerbaijani people making up the majority. There are also significant numbers of Russians, Tatars, Turks, and other ethnic groups.

See also

• Caspian Sea
• Caucasus
• Azerbaijan