Bartholin's glands

Bartholin's glands are two small exocrine glands located in the female reproductive system. Named after the Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Younger, who first described them in the 17th century, these glands play a crucial role in female sexual function.

Anatomy

Bartholin's glands are located in the vulva, on either side of the vaginal opening. Each gland is approximately the size of a pea and is situated in the labia majora. The glands are not usually palpable unless they become inflamed or infected.

Function

The primary function of Bartholin's glands is to secrete mucus that provides lubrication during sexual intercourse. This mucus travels down ducts which open at the vaginal vestibule. The glands are not active until puberty and typically decrease in size and function with age, particularly after menopause.

Clinical significance

Problems with Bartholin's glands can lead to various medical conditions. The most common issue is a Bartholin's cyst, which occurs when the duct of the gland becomes blocked. In some cases, these cysts can become infected, leading to a painful abscess. Treatment for Bartholin's cysts and abscesses can range from sitz baths and antibiotics to surgical drainage or removal of the gland.

Other conditions related to Bartholin's glands include Bartholin's gland carcinoma, a rare form of vulvar cancer, and Bartholin's gland adenoma, a benign tumor of the gland.

See also

• Skene's gland
• Vulvovaginal health
• Female reproductive system