Basal plate (placenta)

Basal Plate (Placenta)

The Basal Plate is a crucial component of the placenta, an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. It is the maternal side of the placenta, attached to the uterus and is composed of maternal tissue. The basal plate is also known as the decidua basalis and is the site where the placenta attaches to the uterine wall.

Structure

The basal plate is composed of a layer of decidua cells, which are specialized endometrial cells that have undergone changes to support pregnancy. These cells are rich in glycogen and lipids, providing nourishment for the developing fetus. The basal plate also contains maternal blood vessels, which are responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus.

Function

The primary function of the basal plate is to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and the fetus. It also plays a role in the immune tolerance of the fetus, protecting it from maternal immune cells. Additionally, the basal plate acts as a physical barrier, preventing the fetus from coming into direct contact with the maternal blood supply.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the basal plate can lead to complications during pregnancy. For example, placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall, often due to defects in the basal plate. This can lead to severe bleeding during delivery and may require a hysterectomy.

See Also

• Placenta
• Decidua
• Placenta Accreta