Basic interpersonal communicative skills

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS) are language abilities needed for casual day-to-day interactions. These skills are often contrasted with Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP), which are more formal academic language skills. BICS are considered essential for functioning in social settings and involve everyday language that is not specialized. This article delves into the nature, development, and importance of BICS in both first and second language learners.

Overview

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills encompass the range of abilities required for informal communication where the context is highly supportive and the topics are familiar. These skills are typically developed through naturalistic exposure to the language, such as through interactions with family and peers. BICS are characterized by the use of simple sentences and are heavily reliant on non-verbal cues such as gestures and facial expressions. The development of BICS in any language is crucial for effective interpersonal interactions and is often a precursor to the development of more complex language abilities.

Development

The development of BICS in children occurs naturally as they are exposed to a language in interactive contexts. For first language (L1) learners, this process begins from birth, as they engage in daily communication with caregivers and family members. In the case of second language (L2) learners, the development of BICS can vary depending on the age of exposure, the amount and type of language input received, and opportunities for interaction in the target language.

Research suggests that L2 learners can develop BICS relatively quickly, often within two years of immersion in the target language environment. However, this rapid acquisition of BICS does not necessarily imply proficiency in the more academic aspects of the language, which are encompassed by CALP.

Importance

BICS play a critical role in the social integration of individuals, particularly for children and adults learning a second language. Proficiency in BICS facilitates:

• Easier adaptation to new cultural environments
• Development of friendships and social networks
• Improved self-esteem and confidence in language abilities
• A foundation for the acquisition of academic language proficiency (CALP)

Challenges

Learners of a second language may face challenges in developing BICS due to:

• Limited exposure to the target language in meaningful contexts
• Lack of opportunities for interaction with native speakers
• Psychological factors such as anxiety and low self-esteem, which can inhibit language use in social settings

Educational Implications

Educators play a vital role in supporting the development of BICS among L2 learners. Strategies to enhance BICS development include:

• Creating a supportive and inclusive classroom environment that encourages verbal interaction
• Incorporating group work and social activities that promote language use
• Utilizing visual aids and realia to support comprehension and vocabulary development
• Encouraging participation in extracurricular activities and community events where learners can practice their language skills in diverse settings

Conclusion

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills are foundational to the social and academic success of both first and second language learners. While the acquisition of BICS is an important step in language development, it is crucial to recognize that these skills are part of a broader spectrum of language proficiency that includes Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency. Educators and language practitioners must therefore provide support for the development of both BICS and CALP to ensure comprehensive language proficiency.