Beam (structure)

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Bending

BeamDiagram

Parallam_support_beam

Ahmaskoski_road_bridge

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The internal stresses in the beam are caused by the external loads, support reactions, and the beam's own weight. These stresses result in internal forces, namely bending moments and shear forces.

Types of Beams

Beams can be classified based on their support conditions, shape, and material. Common types include:

• Simply supported beam: Supported at both ends, typically with a pin support at one end and a roller support at the other.
• Cantilever beam: Fixed at one end and free at the other.
• Continuous beam: Extends over more than two supports.
• Fixed beam: Fixed at both ends, preventing rotation.

Materials

Beams can be made from various materials, including:

• Wood
• Steel
• Reinforced concrete
• Composite materials

Applications

Beams are used in a variety of structures, including:

• Buildings
• Bridges
• Aircraft
• Automobiles

Design Considerations

When designing a beam, several factors must be considered:

• Load types and magnitudes
• Span length
• Material properties
• Cross-sectional shape

Related Concepts

• Bending moment
• Shear force
• Deflection
• Moment of inertia
• Stress
• Strain

See Also

• Structural engineering
• Truss
• Column
• Girder
• Load-bearing wall

Related Pages

• Structural engineering
• Load (mechanics)
• Bending moment
• Shear force
• Deflection (engineering)
• Moment of inertia
• Stress (mechanics)
• Strain (mechanics)