Biophysical profile

Biophysical Profile is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation used to check on a baby's well-being. The test is usually performed in the third trimester of pregnancy. It measures the health of the baby by observing five specific body functions. These include fetal movement, fetal tone, fetal breathing, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal heart rate.

Overview

The Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a combination of tests that assess the health of a fetus during pregnancy. It is typically performed in the third trimester and can provide valuable information about the baby's well-being. The BPP includes an Ultrasound and a Non-stress test (NST).

Components of the Biophysical Profile

The BPP evaluates five areas of fetal health:

1. Fetal movement: The number and type of movements the baby makes in a certain period are recorded.
2. Fetal tone: This refers to the baby's muscle tone. It is evaluated by observing if the baby can move its limbs in and out of extension.
3. Fetal breathing: The baby's practice of breathing movements is observed.
4. Amniotic fluid volume: The amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the baby is measured.
5. Fetal heart rate: This is evaluated using a non-stress test, which measures the baby's heart rate in response to its own movements.

Each of these components is scored, with a maximum total score of 10. A score of 8 to 10 is generally considered reassuring, while a lower score may indicate the need for further testing or intervention.

When is a Biophysical Profile Performed?

A BPP may be performed for various reasons, including:

• If the mother has a high-risk pregnancy
• If the pregnancy has gone past the due date
• If the mother has a medical condition such as diabetes or high blood pressure
• If there is a concern about the baby's growth or movements

Risks and Limitations

The BPP is generally considered safe for both the mother and the baby. However, like any test, it has limitations. For example, a low score does not always mean there is a problem, and a high score does not guarantee that the baby is healthy. The BPP is just one tool that doctors use to assess the well-being of the baby.

See Also

• Ultrasound
• Non-stress test
• High-risk pregnancy
• Amniotic fluid

References

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