Bitis arietans

Bitis arietans is a venomous viper species found in savannah and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rain forest regions. It is responsible for causing the most snakebite fatalities in Africa owing to various factors, such as its wide distribution, frequent occurrence in highly populated regions, and aggressive disposition.

Description

Bitis arietans is a large and stout species. Females are larger than males, reaching a maximum length of 191 cm. Males are not as large, with a maximum length of 153 cm. The head is large, flat, triangular and distinct from the neck. The snout is blunt, rounded and covered in small, keeled scales.

Distribution and habitat

Bitis arietans is found in a variety of habitats, excluding true deserts, rain forests and sub-Saharan fringes. It is most commonly found in open grassland, savannah and farmland, but can also be found in rocky and semi-desert regions, as well as scrub and swampy areas.

Behavior

Bitis arietans is a terrestrial snake, often found in hiding in low scrub and bushes. It is known for its aggressive nature and will hiss loudly when threatened. It is primarily nocturnal, but is known to bask in the sun during cooler weather.

Venom

The venom of Bitis arietans is highly toxic and can be fatal to humans. It is a potent cytotoxic venom that can cause severe pain, swelling, blistering, necrosis, and occasionally, severe systemic effects.

Medical significance

Bitis arietans is responsible for more fatalities than any other African snake. This is due to a combination of factors including its wide distribution, common occurrence, large size, potent venom, and willingness to bite.

Conservation status

Bitis arietans is listed as of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List due to its wide distribution and presumed large population.

See also

• List of viper species
• Snakebite