Bitter melon

Bitter Melon (also known as bitter gourd, bitter apple, bitter squash, or Momordica charantia) is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. Its fruit has a distinct warty exterior and an oblong shape. It is hollow in cross-section, with a relatively thin layer of flesh surrounding a central seed cavity filled with large, flat seeds and pith.

Description

The plant is a fast-growing vine that is primarily grown for its fruit, which is considered the most bitter among all fruits. The plant has lobed leaves, yellow flowers, and fleshly green fruit. The fruit has a smooth exterior rind with distinctive wart-like bumps. Inside, the flesh is crunchy and watery in texture, similar to cucumber, chayote or green bell pepper. The skin is tender and edible. The fruit is most often eaten green, or as it is beginning to turn yellow.

Cultivation

Bitter melon is generally consumed in the green or early yellowing stage. The young shoots and leaves of the bitter melon may also be eaten as greens. In cultivation, it is often grown on trellises. The plant thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, including South Asia, East Africa, the Caribbean, and South America.

Culinary Uses

Bitter melon is often used in cooking for its bitter flavor, typically in stir-fries, soups, and herbal teas. It is also used in traditional medicine. The fruit is a staple in many cultural dishes around the world, including those of East Asia, South Asia, the Caribbean, and Africa.

Health Benefits and Risks

Bitter melon has been used in various Asian and African herbal medicine systems for a long time. It is believed to be beneficial for managing diabetes due to its hypoglycaemic properties. However, clinical studies have produced mixed results, and the World Health Organization does not recommend its use for diabetes management. Consumption of bitter melon can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, and excessive consumption can lead to dangerous heart rhythm abnormalities and other serious complications.

See Also

• Cucurbitaceae
• Herbal Medicine
• Diabetes Management