Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus

Black Creek Canal Orthohantavirus

The Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus is a species of Orthohantavirus that is known to cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in humans. This virus was first identified in the United States and is primarily associated with the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) as its primary host.

Discovery and History

The Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus was first isolated in 1995 from a patient in Dade County, Florida, who presented with symptoms of HPS. The virus was named after the Black Creek Canal, a location near where the patient lived. Subsequent investigations identified the cotton rat as the primary reservoir host for this virus.

Transmission

Transmission of the Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus to humans occurs primarily through inhalation of aerosolized particles from the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents. Human-to-human transmission of this virus has not been documented.

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation

Infection with the Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus can lead to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, a severe respiratory disease characterized by:

• Fever
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Cough

The disease can progress rapidly, leading to respiratory failure and, in some cases, death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HPS due to Black Creek Canal orthohantavirus is based on clinical presentation and confirmed through laboratory testing, including serological assays and PCR to detect viral RNA.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HPS. Management is primarily supportive, focusing on maintaining oxygenation and hemodynamic stability. Early recognition and intensive care support are crucial for improving outcomes.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Avoiding contact with rodent habitats
• Sealing homes to prevent rodent entry
• Using protective equipment when cleaning areas with rodent infestations

Also see

• Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
• Orthohantavirus
• Cotton rat
• Rodent-borne diseases