Blackbuck

Blackbuck by N A Nazeer

Pair of blackbucks!

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Blackbucks (Antilope cervicapra) (19726308174)

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Antilope cervicapra 04

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Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), also known as the Indian antelope, is a species of antelope native to India and Nepal. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. It has been classified under the and further falls within the due to its geographical distribution. This species is known for its remarkable sexual dimorphism; males have long, twisted horns and a distinctive black and white coloration, whereas females are fawn-colored with no horns.

Description

The blackbuck is a medium-sized antelope with a slender build. Males can reach up to 74 to 84 cm (29 to 33 in) at the shoulder and weigh 20–57 kg (44–126 lb), while females are smaller, standing 64 to 74 cm (25 to 29 in) at the shoulder and weighing 20–33 kg (44–73 lb). The male's distinctive horns, which can be as long as 79 cm (31 in), are ringed with one to four spiral turns. The upper body of the males is black and contrasts sharply with the white underbelly and the eye rings, which are also white. Females and juveniles are yellowish-fawn to tan in color and lack horns.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally widespread across the Indian subcontinent, blackbuck populations have declined significantly and are now confined to protected areas and less disturbed regions. They prefer open and semi-open plains, grasslands, and lightly wooded areas where they graze on low grasses. The species has also been introduced to Argentina and the United States, where it has adapted well to local environments.

Behavior and Ecology

Blackbucks are diurnal and are most active during the dawn and dusk. They live in herds, which can vary from small groups to large aggregations of several hundred individuals. These herds are often segregated by sex, with males forming bachelor groups and females forming nursery herds. The species is known for its exceptional speed and can run at speeds of up to 80 km/h (50 mph) to escape predators.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the blackbuck can vary geographically, but it generally peaks during the spring and autumn. Males display territorial behavior and will often engage in spectacular lekking displays to attract females. After a gestation period of about five months, a single calf is born, although twins are not uncommon. Calves are weaned at around six months of age, and females reach sexual maturity at about one year, while males mature at about one and a half years.

Conservation

The blackbuck is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its wide range and large populations in certain areas. However, habitat loss, poaching, and predation by stray dogs in rural and urban fringe areas pose significant threats to its survival. Conservation efforts include habitat restoration, protection laws, and breeding programs in both native and introduced ranges.

Cultural Significance

The blackbuck holds a significant place in Indian culture and is often featured in mythology and folklore. It is considered a vehicle of the wind god Vayu and the moon god Chandra. Hunting of blackbuck was a royal sport in medieval India, and its presence is associated with the conservation ethos of several communities, notably the Bishnoi of Rajasthan, who are known for their staunch protection of this species.

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