Blackout (alcohol-related amnesia)

Blackout (alcohol-related amnesia)

A Blackout is a phenomenon caused by the intake of any substance or medication, in which long term memory creation is impaired or there is a complete inability to recall the past. Blackouts are frequently described as having effects similar to that of anterograde amnesia, in which the subject cannot recall any events after the event that caused amnesia. Alcohol is one of the most commonly known substances to cause blackouts due to its ability to rapidly increase blood alcohol content (BAC).

Causes[edit | edit source]

Blackouts are most commonly caused by the consumption of large amounts of alcohol, however, any substance that impairs the brain's ability to create new memories can cause a blackout. The rapid increase in BAC, often associated with binge drinking, is most commonly associated with blackouts.

Types of Blackouts[edit | edit source]

There are two types of blackouts caused by alcohol consumption: partial (fragmentary) and complete (en bloc). Fragmentary blackouts, also known as "brownouts," are characterized by the ability to recall certain events but not others. These memories may return after being reminded of the event. En bloc blackouts are characterized by a complete inability to recall events, even when reminded.

Effects[edit | edit source]

The effects of blackouts can be both short-term and long-term. Short-term effects include temporary memory loss and cognitive impairment. Long-term effects can include persistent memory problems and cognitive deficits, particularly in heavy drinkers.

Prevention and Treatment[edit | edit source]

Prevention of blackouts primarily involves the moderation or cessation of alcohol consumption. Treatment for blackouts involves addressing the underlying cause, such as alcohol addiction or misuse, through therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy or medication.