Bone mineral

Bone Mineral

Bone mineral is the inorganic component of bone tissue, providing its hardness and rigidity. It is primarily composed of hydroxyapatite, a crystalline calcium phosphate.

Composition

Bone mineral is approximately 70% of the bone's mass and gives bone its compressive strength. The mineral is formed from carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite with small amounts of other minerals such as fluoride, magnesium, and sodium present.

Function

The primary function of bone mineral is to support the body's structure and protect the organs. It also plays a crucial role in movement by providing a rigid frame upon which muscles can pull. Additionally, bone mineral serves as a reservoir for essential minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate, which can be released or stored to maintain mineral balance in the body.

Bone Mineral Density

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of the amount of minerals, particularly calcium, contained in certain volume of bone. BMD tests are used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition that often affects older adults and is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue.

Factors Affecting Bone Mineral

Several factors can affect the bone mineral content, including age, sex, race, and diet. Hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D are also crucial for maintaining bone mineral homeostasis.

See Also

• Bone
• Osteoporosis
• Bone remodeling
• Calcium
• Phosphate