Book of Proverbs

Proverb scroll

Papyrus Bodmer VI fol. 16

Dore Solomon Proverbs

Proverbs 3- 5,6 IMG 3141

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Incunabulum Blackletter Bible 1497

Book of Proverbs is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Traditionally attributed to King Solomon, who is said to have reigned from 971 to 931 BCE, it is a collection of proverbs, sayings, and wisdom literature that offers insights into life, morality, and understanding. The Book of Proverbs is part of the Ketuvim, or Writings, in the Jewish Tanakh, and is classified among the Wisdom Books in the Christian Old Testament.

Composition and Structure

The Book of Proverbs is divided into 31 chapters, each comprising various short sayings and wisdom teachings. Scholars believe that the book was compiled over several centuries, with its earliest parts dating back to the 10th century BCE. The book is traditionally divided into several sections, each with its own unique characteristics and origins. These include:

• Chapters 1-9: A series of discourses on wisdom and folly, often personified as women.
• Chapters 10-22: The "Proverbs of Solomon," which are primarily short, two-line sayings.
• Chapters 22-24: The "Sayings of the Wise," a collection of additional wisdom sayings.
• Chapters 25-29: More proverbs attributed to Solomon but said to have been transcribed by the men of Hezekiah, king of Judah.
• Chapters 30: The "Sayings of Agur."
• Chapters 31: The "Sayings of King Lemuel," which includes the famous passage on the "woman of noble character."

Themes and Teachings

The Book of Proverbs covers a wide range of topics, including wisdom, fear of the Lord, righteousness, justice, and diligence. It contrasts the righteous and the wicked, the wise and the foolish, and provides practical advice on relationships, wealth, speech, and conduct. A recurring theme is the importance of wisdom and understanding, which are portrayed as more valuable than material wealth.

Influence and Interpretation

The Book of Proverbs has had a significant impact on both religious and secular literature. Its teachings have been influential in the development of Jewish ethics, Christian theology, and moral philosophy. The book is often quoted or alluded to in various cultural contexts, and its proverbs are frequently cited in literature and everyday speech.

Textual History and Scholarship

The textual history of the Book of Proverbs is complex, with evidence of multiple authors and editing stages. The book was likely compiled and edited over several centuries, reflecting the wisdom traditions of not only Israel but also surrounding nations. Scholars use various methods, including textual criticism and historical analysis, to study the book's origins, structure, and themes.

See Also

• Wisdom literature
• Solomon
• Hebrew Bible
• Old Testament