Bos indicus

Bos indicus, also known as the Zebu, is a species of domestic cattle originating from South Asia. They are characterized by a hump over their shoulders, drooping ears, and a large dewlap. They are adapted to hot climates and are used in tropical regions around the world for milk, meat, and draft purposes.

History

The Bos indicus is believed to have been domesticated as early as 8,000 to 10,000 years ago from the wild Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus). Archaeological evidence of domesticated zebu has been found in the Indus Valley Civilization sites in Pakistan and India, dating back to around 2500 BC.

Characteristics

Bos indicus cattle are well adapted to hot climates, with their large ears providing a large surface area for heat dissipation. They also have a high resistance to diseases, particularly those transmitted by insects, such as trypanosomiasis and tick fever. Their hump, dewlap, and loose skin help them to withstand high temperatures, and their ability to store fat in their hump allows them to survive in harsh conditions.

Breeds

There are several breeds of Bos indicus, including the Brahman, Gir, Nelore, and Guzerat. These breeds are often used in crossbreeding with Bos taurus cattle to produce hybrids that combine the heat tolerance and disease resistance of the Bos indicus with the meat quality and milk production of the Bos taurus.

Use in Agriculture

Bos indicus cattle are used in many tropical regions of the world for milk, meat, and draft purposes. They are particularly important in India, where they are considered sacred by Hindus and are often allowed to roam freely. In other parts of the world, they are often used in commercial beef production, particularly in Australia and South America.

See Also

• Cattle
• Bos taurus
• Aurochs
• Domestication of animals