Bos primigenius taurus

Bos primigenius taurus, commonly known as the domestic cattle, is a large domesticated ungulate species. It is a member of the subfamily Bovinae and was originally derived from the wild aurochs (Bos primigenius).

History

The domestication of Bos primigenius taurus occurred approximately 10,500 years ago in the Neolithic Revolution. This process, which took place in several regions including the Near East and the Indian subcontinent, involved the transformation of wild aurochs into docile cattle.

Characteristics

Bos primigenius taurus is characterized by a robust body with a large hump over the shoulders, long horns, and a dense coat of hair. The color of the coat can vary widely, from white to black, and may also be spotted or solid. The size of the animal can also vary significantly, with males typically being larger than females.

Uses

Domestic cattle are primarily used for their meat (beef and veal), milk, and hides. They are also used in some regions for draught work. The dung of the cattle is used as manure or fuel. In some cultures, cattle have a significant religious meaning.

Breeds

There are numerous breeds of Bos primigenius taurus, each developed for specific purposes and adapted to specific environments. Some of the most well-known breeds include the Holstein Friesian, the Jersey, and the Hereford.

Health

Like all animals, Bos primigenius taurus can be affected by various diseases. Some of the most common diseases include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, and foot-and-mouth disease.

See also

• Bos primigenius indicus
• Bovine genome
• Cattle in religion