Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party Currier colored

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Boston Tea Party-Cooper

Boston Tea Party Plaque - Independence Wharf 2009

Boston Tea Party

The Boston Tea Party was a significant event in American history, taking place on the evening of December 16, 1773. It was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, a city in the British American colonies. The demonstrators, some disguised as Native Americans, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773. This act was seen as another means of tax imposition by the British Parliament without the consent of the colonial legislatures, encapsulating the issue of "No taxation without representation."

Background

The roots of the Boston Tea Party can be traced back to the end of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), after which the British government sought ways to reduce the debt incurred during the conflict. The Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767 imposed taxes on the colonies, leading to widespread protest. The Tea Act of 1773 was intended to bail out the financially struggling East India Company by allowing it to sell surplus tea directly to the American colonies, thereby bypassing colonial merchants. This act not only undercut local merchants but also reaffirmed the principle of Parliamentary taxation without local consent.

The Event

On the night of December 16, 1773, members of the Sons of Liberty, led by figures such as Samuel Adams and John Hancock, boarded three ships moored in Boston Harbor - the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver. Over the course of the night, they threw 342 chests of tea, worth an estimated £9,000 (a significant sum at the time), into the water. This act of defiance was the culmination of a series of events designed to protest and resist British tax policies.

Aftermath

The British government responded to the Boston Tea Party with a series of measures known as the Coercive Acts (1774), intended to reassert imperial control over Massachusetts. These acts closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for, altered the Massachusetts Charter to reduce democratic elections, and allowed royal officials accused of crimes in the colonies to be tried in England or other colonies. These punitive measures, however, only galvanized the colonial resistance, leading to the formation of the First Continental Congress and eventually the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.

Legacy

The Boston Tea Party is considered a pivotal event leading up to the American Revolution. It demonstrated the colonists' willingness to take aggressive action against what they saw as unjust laws and taxation, setting the stage for further acts of resistance. The event has been commemorated and mythologized in American culture, symbolizing the fight for freedom and justice.