Botryodiplodia theobromae

Botryodiplodia theobromae is a fungal pathogen that affects a wide range of plant species. It is commonly known as the Lasiodiplodia (Botryodiplodia) theobromae, and is part of the Botryosphaeriaceae family.

Taxonomy

The fungus was first described in 1916 by P.A. Saccardo, an Italian mycologist. The genus name Botryodiplodia is derived from the Greek words botrys meaning "bunch of grapes" and diplodia, a genus of fungi. The species name theobromae refers to the cacao (Theobroma cacao), one of the plants this fungus commonly infects.

Description and Identification

Botryodiplodia theobromae is characterized by its dark, globular fruiting bodies (pycnidia) and its two-celled, dark brown spores (conidia). The fungus can be identified by its typical symptoms on infected plants, which include cankers, rots, and dieback.

Hosts and Symptoms

Botryodiplodia theobromae is a polyphagous pathogen, meaning it can infect a wide range of plant species. Its hosts include economically important crops such as mango, papaya, avocado, and cacao. Symptoms of infection can vary depending on the host, but often include wilting, dieback, cankers, and fruit rot.

Disease Management

Management of Botryodiplodia theobromae involves a combination of cultural practices, biological control, and fungicide application. Cultural practices include proper sanitation and pruning to remove infected plant material. Biological control can be achieved through the use of antagonistic organisms such as Trichoderma species. Fungicides are also used, particularly for protecting valuable crops.

Impact

The impact of Botryodiplodia theobromae is significant due to its wide host range and its ability to cause severe disease symptoms. It is particularly problematic in tropical and subtropical regions where conditions are favorable for its growth and spread.

See Also

• List of mango diseases
• List of avocado diseases
• List of cacao diseases

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