Botzinger complex

Botzinger Complex

The Botzinger Complex (also known as BötC) is a region in the medulla oblongata of the brain, which plays a crucial role in the control of respiration. It is named after the German physiologist, Ernst von Bötzingen, who first identified its function in the late 19th century.

Animation of the medulla oblongata, where the Botzinger Complex is located.

Anatomy

The Botzinger Complex is located in the ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata, specifically in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). It is composed of a group of interneurons that are responsible for the generation of the respiratory rhythm.

Function

The primary function of the Botzinger Complex is to control the process of exhalation. It does this by sending inhibitory signals to the phrenic nerves, which control the diaphragm, and the intercostal muscles, which control the movement of the chest wall during breathing.

The Botzinger Complex also plays a role in the control of blood pressure and heart rate, through its connections with the nucleus tractus solitarius and the baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus.

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the Botzinger Complex can lead to respiratory disorders such as sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. It can also contribute to the development of hypertension and heart failure.

See also

• Pre-Botzinger complex
• Respiratory center
• Central pattern generator