Brain dead

Brain dead refers to the irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain, including the brain stem. This condition is characterized by a complete and permanent absence of neurological activity, including involuntary activity necessary to sustain life. It is used as an indicator for legal death in many jurisdictions.

Definition

The term "brain dead" is often used colloquially to refer to a person who is intellectually unresponsive or behaving in a thoughtless manner. However, in medical terminology, brain death is a legally recognized state of death, even though other vital functions may be maintained artificially.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of brain death needs to be rigorous, in order to be certain that the condition is irreversible. Criteria vary, but in general, certain prerequisites must be met. These include an established etiology capable of causing brain death, and no drug intoxication, poisoning, or hypothermia. Neurological evaluation shows no cerebral or brain stem activity, and a number of tests confirm the absence of all brain activity.

Legal and ethical issues

The legal recognition of brain death is often controversial, as it allows for the legal declaration of death even when life support systems keep the body biologically alive. This has implications for organ donation and end-of-life decisions. Ethical issues also arise around the care of individuals who are brain dead, particularly in maintaining respect for the body when it may appear to be alive.

See also

• Coma
• Persistent vegetative state
• Death
• Organ donation
• End-of-life decisions