Bread trough

Artesa model in clay.

Artesa in breadmaking.

A dough trough from Aberdour Castle, Fife, Scotland.

Bread trough is a traditional kitchen utensil used for mixing and fermenting dough in the process of bread making. Historically, bread troughs were essential in households and bakeries for the preparation of various types of bread. They are large, shallow containers, traditionally made from wood, but modern versions can also be found in plastic and metal.

History

The use of bread troughs dates back to ancient times when the first breads were being baked. In many cultures, the bread trough was a central piece of equipment in the kitchen, symbolizing the importance of bread in the diet. These troughs were often hand-carved from a single piece of wood, making them durable and long-lasting. The size and shape of the trough could vary significantly, depending on the region and the specific needs of the baker.

Design and Material

The traditional design of a bread trough is a rectangular or oval shape with slightly curved sides to facilitate the mixing and kneading of dough. The choice of wood as a material was due to its natural properties, which helped in maintaining a consistent temperature during the fermentation process. Popular woods used include maple, oak, and beech, known for their durability and resistance to moisture.

Modern bread troughs may be made from food-grade plastic or stainless steel, offering easier maintenance and cleaning. However, many artisan bakers and enthusiasts still prefer the traditional wooden versions for their aesthetic appeal and the belief that they contribute to the bread's flavor and texture.

Usage

The primary use of a bread trough is for mixing the dough ingredients — flour, water, yeast, and salt — and then allowing the dough to ferment and rise. The large surface area and shallow depth make it easier to mix large quantities of dough and facilitate the kneading process. After mixing, the dough is left in the trough, covered with a cloth, to undergo the first rise or fermentation.

In addition to bread making, troughs can also be used for preparing dough for other baked goods, such as pizza bases and pastry dough. The versatility and functionality of the bread trough make it a valuable tool in both traditional and modern baking practices.

Cultural Significance

In many cultures, the bread trough was more than just a kitchen utensil; it was a symbol of hospitality and community. Sharing bread made from the family trough was a way of welcoming guests and strengthening bonds within the community. In some regions, the bread trough also had ceremonial uses, such as in wedding rituals, where it symbolized prosperity and abundance.

Preservation and Care

For wooden bread troughs, proper care is essential to prevent cracking and warping. Regular cleaning with mild soap and water, followed by thorough drying, is recommended. Occasionally, the wood may need to be treated with food-safe mineral oil to maintain its condition and prevent it from drying out.

Conclusion

The bread trough is a testament to the timeless tradition of bread making, embodying the history, culture, and craftsmanship of bakers over the centuries. While modern technology has introduced more convenient methods of mixing and fermenting dough, the bread trough remains a cherished tool among artisan bakers and those who appreciate the art of traditional bread making.