British Sign Language

British Sign Language chart

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Sign language interpretation below performers Oliver Senton and Bay Bryan during The Gifting performance. LEEDS 2023

British Sign Language (BSL) is the sign language used in the United Kingdom (UK). It is the preferred language of over 87,000 Deaf people in the UK for whom English may be a second or third language. BSL has its own grammatical structure and syntax; as a visual language, it uses hand shapes, facial expressions, gestures, and body language to convey meaning.

History

BSL has a rich history that dates back to the early 18th century, with the establishment of the first schools for the Deaf. It has evolved over the years through the contributions of various Deaf communities across the UK. Despite its widespread use, it was not officially recognized as a language by the British government until March 18, 2003.

Linguistic Features

BSL is a spatial and visual language, with a unique syntax that differs significantly from the spoken English language. It uses a combination of handshapes, movements, locations (relative to the body), facial expressions, and body language to convey meaning. These elements are integral to the grammar of BSL, making it a richly expressive language.

Handshapes

There are a number of standard handshapes in BSL that are used to form signs. Each handshape can change meaning when used in different movements or locations.

Movements

Movements in BSL can be used to indicate action, direction, or to modify meaning.

Locations

The location of a sign (in relation to the signer's body) can affect the meaning of the sign. For example, signing close to the body can indicate something personal or related to the signer.

Facial Expressions and Body Language

Facial expressions and body language are crucial in BSL, as they can convey the signer's emotions, question forms, negations, and other grammatical features.

Dialects

BSL has regional dialects, with variations in signs found across different parts of the UK. These differences can be in handshapes, movements, or both, leading to a rich diversity within the language.

Recognition and Status

The recognition of BSL in 2003 was a significant milestone for the Deaf community in the UK. It has led to increased awareness and support for BSL users, including the provision of BSL interpreters and the inclusion of BSL in educational and broadcasting services.

Education

BSL is taught in various settings, from community classes to formal education programs. There are also qualifications available for those wishing to become BSL interpreters or teachers.

Community and Culture

BSL is an integral part of Deaf culture in the UK. It is not only a means of communication but also a source of identity for many Deaf individuals. The Deaf community in the UK is vibrant and active, with its own social norms, traditions, and arts.