British honours system

British Honours System

The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery, achievement, or service to the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories. The system consists of three types of award: honours, decorations, and medals.

History

The origins of the British honours system date back to the medieval period, with the establishment of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III in 1348. Over the centuries, the system has evolved to include a variety of orders and awards, reflecting the changing nature of British society and its values.

Orders of Chivalry

The British honours system includes several orders of chivalry, which are awarded for various types of service. Some of the most notable orders include:

• Order of the Garter: The oldest and most senior order of chivalry in Britain, founded in 1348.
• Order of the Thistle: The Scottish equivalent of the Order of the Garter, established in 1687.
• Order of the Bath: Founded in 1725, this order is awarded for service of the highest calibre.
• Order of St Michael and St George: Established in 1818, this order is awarded to diplomats and those serving abroad.
• Order of the British Empire: Created in 1917, this order recognises contributions to the arts and sciences, public services, and work with charitable and welfare organisations.

Types of Honours

Honours are typically awarded twice a year: in the New Year Honours and the Birthday Honours, which coincide with the official birthday of the British monarch.

Knighthoods and Damehoods

Knighthoods and damehoods are among the most prestigious honours, awarded to individuals who have made significant contributions in their field. Recipients are entitled to use the titles "Sir" or "Dame".

Companion of Honour

The Order of the Companions of Honour is a special award given to individuals who have made a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government over a long period of time.

Decorations and Medals

In addition to honours, the British system includes various decorations and medals, which are awarded for specific acts of bravery or service. Some notable examples include:

• Victoria Cross: The highest military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy".
• George Cross: Awarded for acts of the greatest heroism or for most conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme danger.
• Military Cross: Awarded to officers for exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land.

Nomination and Selection Process

The process of awarding honours involves several stages, including nomination, scrutiny by honours committees, and approval by the monarch. Nominations can be made by members of the public or by government departments.

Criticism and Reform

The honours system has faced criticism over the years, particularly regarding the perceived lack of transparency and the influence of political considerations. Reforms have been implemented to address these concerns, including the introduction of independent honours committees.

See Also

• Monarchy of the United Kingdom
• British Empire
• Commonwealth of Nations

References

• "Honours, awards and medals". UK Government.

External Links

• The Royal Family: Honours
• The Gazette: Honours and Awards