Brittany

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Celtic Tribes in Brittany

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France Pays bretons map

Brittany (Breton: Breizh, French: Bretagne) is a cultural region located in the northwest of France. It occupies a large peninsula that stretches out into the Atlantic Ocean, bordered by the English Channel to the north. Brittany is known for its rich history, distinct cultural identity, including its own language and traditions, and its rugged coastline featuring numerous bays, estuaries, and islands.

History

The history of Brittany dates back to the prehistoric era, with notable megalithic structures such as the Carnac stones. It was later inhabited by Celtic tribes, notably the Veneti, and became known as Armorica until it was colonized by Britons from the British Isles in the early Middle Ages, giving it its current name. Brittany was a duchy from the 9th century until 1532, when it was united with the Kingdom of France while retaining a distinct cultural identity.

Geography

Brittany is characterized by its extensive coastline, which offers a variety of landscapes including cliffs, sandy beaches, and fishing ports. The interior of the region is composed of rolling hills and forests. Major cities include Rennes, the regional capital; Brest, a major naval port; and Nantes, historically part of the duchy but now in the Pays de la Loire region.

Culture

Brittany's culture is strongly influenced by its Celtic heritage, with its own language (Breton), music, and dance traditions. The region is famous for its folk festivals, such as the Festival Interceltique de Lorient, which celebrates Celtic culture. Breton cuisine is known for its seafood, crepes, and cider.

Economy

The economy of Brittany is diverse, with a strong emphasis on agriculture, particularly dairy and pork production. The region is also known for its fishing industry, which benefits from its extensive coastline. In recent years, tourism has become increasingly important, with visitors drawn to Brittany's natural beauty, historic sites, and cultural festivals.

Language

The Breton language is part of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages. It has experienced a revival in recent years, with efforts to promote its use in schools and media. However, it is still considered an endangered language.

Tourism

Brittany is a popular tourist destination, known for its beautiful landscapes, medieval towns, and maritime heritage. Notable attractions include the walled city of Saint-Malo, the medieval fortress of Fougères, and the iconic Mont Saint-Michel, located just off the coast of Brittany but belonging to the neighboring region of Normandy.