Brno

Mince 10Kč vzor 2003 rubová strana

Znak Moravského markrabství

Veduta z obléhání Brna Švédy v roce 1645

Veduta Brna se znakem Markrabství moravského, rok 1670

View of Brno in the year 1700

Brno is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative center of the South Moravian Region in which it forms a separate district (Brno-City District). The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 380,000 inhabitants; its greater metropolitan area is home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had a population of about 730,000 in 2004.

Brno is known for its universities, including Masaryk University with over 35,000 students; the Brno University of Technology, which is the largest technical university in the Czech Republic; and the Mendel University in Brno. The city also hosts the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic, the Ombudsman, and several state authorities.

Historically, Brno has been a significant military and trade center since the Middle Ages. The city was a royal city of the Kings of Bohemia and a former capital of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is also notable for hosting the Brno Circuit, a motor racing track where the Czech Republic Motorcycle Grand Prix is held. The city is further known for the Brno Exhibition Centre, one of the largest exhibition centers in Europe.

The city's architectural landmarks include the Brno Ossuary, the second-largest ossuary in Europe after the Catacombs of Paris; the Villa Tugendhat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe; and Špilberk Castle, a former royal castle and fortress. The city center of Brno is protected as a cultural heritage area.

History

Brno has a rich history dating back to prehistoric times. The area was settled by the Celts before being incorporated into the Roman Empire. The city began to take shape in the 11th century and became an important center for trade and commerce in the Middle Ages. In the 19th century, Brno became an industrial powerhouse, leading to rapid population growth and urban development.

Culture

Brno is a cultural hub in the Czech Republic. The city is home to the Moravian Gallery, the second-largest art museum in the Czech Republic, and the National Theatre Brno, which offers opera, drama, and ballet performances. The city also hosts several annual cultural events, including the Brno International Music Festival and the Ignis Brunensis, a fireworks competition.

Education

Education is a key aspect of the city, with several high-ranking universities and research institutions. Masaryk University and the Brno University of Technology are particularly notable for their contributions to research and higher education.

Economy

The economy of Brno is diverse, with strong sectors in electronics, engineering, pharmaceuticals, and information technology. The city's strategic location and skilled workforce make it an attractive destination for both Czech and international companies.

Transportation

Brno is a major transportation hub in the Czech Republic. The city is served by the Brno-Tuřany Airport and has an extensive public transportation network, including trams, buses, and trolleybuses. It is also an important railway junction with connections to major cities in the Czech Republic and neighboring countries.

See also

• List of mayors of Brno
• Brno Reservoir
• Moravian Karst