Bromine azide

Bromine azide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BrN₃. It is a yellow gas at room temperature and is known for its explosive properties. Bromine azide is a member of the halogen azides, which are compounds formed by the combination of halogens with the azide group (N₃).

Structure and Properties

Bromine azide is a linear molecule, with the bromine atom bonded to the azide group. The azide group itself is a linear arrangement of three nitrogen atoms, with the central nitrogen atom carrying a positive charge and the terminal nitrogen atom carrying a negative charge. This results in a resonance-stabilized structure.

The compound is highly reactive and can decompose explosively under certain conditions. It is sensitive to heat, shock, and friction, making it a compound that must be handled with extreme care in a controlled laboratory environment.

Synthesis

Bromine azide can be synthesized by the reaction of sodium azide (NaN₃) with bromine (Br₂) in an inert solvent. The reaction is typically carried out at low temperatures to minimize the risk of explosion:

2 NaN₃ + Br₂ → 2 BrN₃ + 2 NaBr

The product is usually isolated as a gas and can be condensed into a liquid at low temperatures.

Applications

Due to its explosive nature, bromine azide has limited practical applications. However, it is of interest in the field of chemical synthesis and reaction mechanisms as a reagent for introducing azide groups into organic molecules. It is also studied for its potential use in high-energy materials.

Safety and Handling

Bromine azide is a highly hazardous material. It should be handled only by trained professionals in a laboratory setting equipped with appropriate safety measures, such as blast shields and remote handling tools. Protective equipment, including gloves and goggles, is essential to prevent exposure.

Also see

• Halogen azides
• Sodium azide
• Bromine
• Azide group
• Explosive materials