Brown rat
The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the Norway rat, is one of the most common and widespread rodents in the world. It is a member of the genus Rattus and is often associated with human habitats.
Description[edit | edit source]
The brown rat is a large murine rodent, typically weighing between 140 to 500 grams. It has a blunt snout, small ears, and a tail that is shorter than its body length. Its fur is coarse and usually brown or grey, with a lighter underside.
Distribution and Habitat[edit | edit source]
The brown rat is native to northern China and Mongolia, but it has spread worldwide, often living in close association with humans. It thrives in a variety of environments, including urban areas, sewers, and agricultural lands.
Behavior[edit | edit source]
Brown rats are primarily nocturnal and are known for their intelligence and adaptability. They are excellent swimmers and climbers, which allows them to access a wide range of habitats. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of foods, including grains, fruits, and small animals.
Reproduction[edit | edit source]
Brown rats have a high reproductive rate, with females capable of producing up to 12 litters per year, each containing 6 to 12 young. The young are born blind and hairless but develop rapidly, reaching sexual maturity in about five weeks.
Impact on Humans[edit | edit source]
Brown rats are considered pests due to their tendency to invade human dwellings and their role in spreading diseases such as leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and rat-bite fever. They can also cause significant damage to crops and stored food.
Research and Use in Science[edit | edit source]
Brown rats are widely used in scientific research due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. They have been instrumental in studies of genetics, neuroscience, and pharmacology.
Conservation Status[edit | edit source]
The brown rat is not considered endangered and is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its adaptability and reproductive success ensure its continued survival in a variety of environments.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
