Brundtland Commission

Brundtland Commission, officially known as the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), was convened by the United Nations in 1983. Its mission was to address growing concerns about the accelerating deterioration of the environment and natural resources and the consequences of that deterioration for economic and social development. In establishing the commission, the United Nations General Assembly recognized that environmental problems were global in nature and determined that it was in the common interest of all nations to establish policies for sustainable development.

Background

The commission was named after its chair, Gro Harlem Brundtland, a former Prime Minister of Norway. The Brundtland Commission's mandate was to unite countries to pursue sustainable development together. The term "sustainable development" was popularized in the commission's 1987 report titled Our Common Future, which defined it as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

Our Common Future

The Our Common Future report, also known as the Brundtland Report, was groundbreaking in its coverage of the many ways economic development interacts with the environment. It emphasized that the environment is not an inexhaustible resource and highlighted the critical need for the conservation of natural resources. The report also discussed the importance of population control, food security, and the loss of species and genetic resources. It made a strong case for the interdependence of economic development and environmental sustainability, arguing that the two could and should go hand in hand.

Impact and Legacy

The Brundtland Commission and its report played a crucial role in making the concept of sustainable development a central issue in international development policy and practice. It laid the groundwork for the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, where the Agenda 21 action plan and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were adopted. The principles outlined in the Brundtland Report have influenced international environmental policy and have been integrated into the work of the United Nations through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established in 2015.

Criticism and Challenges

While the Brundtland Commission's work has been widely praised for bringing sustainable development to the forefront of global policy discussions, it has also faced criticism. Some critics argue that the concept of sustainable development is too vague and that the commission's recommendations were not sufficiently implemented. Others contend that the emphasis on economic growth overlooks the inherent conflict between growth and environmental conservation.

Conclusion

The Brundtland Commission represents a seminal moment in the history of environmental policy. Its contributions to the discourse on sustainable development have shaped international policy and action for decades. Despite criticisms and challenges in implementation, the commission's vision of a sustainable future remains a guiding principle for global development efforts.