Bulbourethral glands

Bulbourethral glands, also known as Cowper's glands, are two small exocrine glands present in the reproductive system of many male mammals. They are named after their discoverer, English anatomist William Cowper.

Anatomy

The bulbourethral glands are located posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, within the pelvic region. Each gland is approximately the size of a pea, and consists of a number of lobules held together by a fibrous covering. Each lobule opens into a duct which joins with the urethra.

Function

The primary function of the bulbourethral glands is the production and secretion of a clear, viscous fluid known as pre-ejaculate or Cowper's fluid. This fluid is released from the penis during sexual arousal prior to ejaculation. It serves several purposes, including neutralizing the acidity of the urethra (which can be harmful to sperm), lubricating the urethra to facilitate the passage of sperm, and helping to flush out any residual urine or foreign matter.

Clinical significance

Diseases and conditions that can affect the bulbourethral glands include prostatitis, cancer, and sexually transmitted infections. Inflammation of the bulbourethral glands, known as Cowper's glanditis, can cause symptoms such as pain during ejaculation, blood in the semen, and a frequent urge to urinate.

See also

• Male reproductive system
• Exocrine gland
• Urethra
• Prostate