Bulla (amulet)

Roman boy wearing bulla

Bulla (amulet) is an ancient Roman amulet worn by children. Traditionally, a bulla was given to a child at birth and was believed to protect them from evil spirits and harm. This piece of jewelry holds significant historical and cultural value, illustrating aspects of ancient Roman life, beliefs, and practices regarding protection and childhood.

History and Usage

The tradition of wearing a bulla began around the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Roman Empire until the 4th century AD. It was typically made of gold, leather, or cloth, depending on the family's social status. The bulla of a freeborn child was made of gold, while those of lesser status were made of leather or cloth. It contained amuletic items such as phallic symbols, believed to ward off the evil eye, or other materials thought to have protective properties.

A bulla was worn around the neck by Roman children, both boys and girls, from the time of their birth until they reached maturity. For boys, this was marked by the ceremony of the Toga virilis, where they would put on the toga of manhood, usually around the age of 16, and for girls, it was their marriage. Upon reaching these milestones, the bulla was traditionally dedicated to the household gods, the Lares, as a rite of passage.

Design and Contents

The design of a bulla could vary but often was a pouch, locket, or a container that could be opened to place protective items inside. These items were chosen for their supposed magical properties that could protect the wearer from harm. The contents of a bulla might include charms, amulets, or other objects considered to have the power to avert evil influences or harm.

Cultural Significance

The bulla is a significant artifact in the study of ancient Roman culture, providing insight into Roman beliefs about magic, protection, and the transition from childhood to adulthood. It reflects the importance placed on safeguarding the young, who were considered particularly vulnerable to supernatural and worldly threats. The practice of wearing a bulla also highlights the societal emphasis on rites of passage and the delineation between the stages of life in ancient Rome.

Modern Interpretations

Today, replicas of bullae are sometimes created for educational purposes or by enthusiasts of ancient Roman culture. They serve as a tangible connection to the past, allowing modern individuals to gain a deeper understanding of Roman life and beliefs. Additionally, the concept of the bulla has influenced contemporary jewelry designs, with modern amulets and lockets drawing inspiration from this ancient tradition.