Burnt mound

Burnt Mound

A burnt mound is an archaeological feature typically consisting of a mound of heat-shattered stones, often associated with a trough or pit, which is believed to have been used for cooking or other heating purposes. These features are commonly found in Northern Europe, particularly in Ireland, Scotland, and Scandinavia, and date from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age.

Description

Burnt mounds are generally characterized by a crescent-shaped mound of stones that have been subjected to intense heat. The stones are usually found in association with a trough or pit, which may have been lined with wood or clay. The trough is often filled with water, and it is believed that the stones were heated in a fire and then placed into the water to create steam or to heat the water directly.

The size of burnt mounds can vary significantly, with some being only a few meters across, while others can be much larger. The mounds are often located near a water source, such as a stream or river, which would have been necessary for the heating process.

Function

The exact function of burnt mounds is still a matter of debate among archaeologists. The most widely accepted theory is that they were used for cooking, possibly as a form of "boiling" or "steaming" food. This is supported by ethnographic parallels and experimental archaeology, which have demonstrated that this method can effectively cook large quantities of food.

Other theories suggest that burnt mounds may have been used for other purposes, such as brewing, textile production, or even bathing. The presence of burnt mounds near settlements suggests they were an important part of daily life in prehistoric communities.

Distribution

Burnt mounds are predominantly found in Northern Europe, with a high concentration in Ireland and Scotland. They are also found in parts of Scandinavia and occasionally in other parts of Europe. The distribution of burnt mounds suggests they were a widespread phenomenon during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

Archaeological Significance

Burnt mounds provide valuable insights into the daily lives of prehistoric peoples. They are often found in association with other archaeological features, such as ringforts or crannogs, indicating their role in the broader landscape of prehistoric settlement and activity.

The study of burnt mounds can also contribute to our understanding of prehistoric technology and resource use, as well as social and cultural practices related to food preparation and consumption.

Also see

• Bronze Age
• Iron Age
• Ringfort
• Crannog
• Archaeology