Bus rapid transit

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a public transport system designed to improve capacity and reliability relative to a conventional bus system. Typically, BRT systems include dedicated lanes, bus-only roadways, and priority at intersections to deliver fast and efficient service. The concept combines various elements of rail transit and traditional bus services to offer a high-quality, rapid transit experience that can be developed at a fraction of the cost of light rail systems.

Overview

BRT systems are characterized by their high level of service, speed, and capacity. Key features often include:

• Dedicated Lanes: Buses run on exclusive or semi-exclusive lanes, reducing delays caused by mixed traffic congestion.
• Busway Alignment: Buses may operate on central lanes or side lanes, depending on the specific design and objectives of the system.
• Off-board Fare Collection: Fares are paid before boarding, either at station platforms or via automated machines, to reduce dwell times at stops.
• Platform-level Boarding: Stations with platforms that align with the bus floor for easy and rapid boarding and alighting, similar to a train station.
• High-quality Stations: Enhanced stations with amenities such as real-time information displays, weather protection, and security features.
• Advanced Bus Vehicles: Modern, often articulated buses equipped with features like low floors for easy boarding, cleaner engines, and sometimes, facilities for bicycles.
• Priority at Intersections: Traffic signal priority or grade separation at intersections to minimize stops and delays.

History

The concept of BRT was first introduced in the late 20th century, with one of the earliest and most successful examples being the Rede Integrada de Transporte in Curitiba, Brazil, launched in 1974. Since then, BRT systems have been implemented in many cities around the world, each adapting the concept to its unique urban context.

Advantages

BRT systems offer several advantages over traditional bus services and other forms of urban transit:

• Cost-effectiveness: Lower capital and operating costs compared to rail systems.
• Flexibility: Ability to adapt routes and services to changing urban development and passenger demand.
• Speed and Reliability: Dedicated lanes and priority at intersections improve travel times and schedule adherence.
• Scalability: Systems can be expanded and upgraded over time to accommodate growth.
• Environmental Benefits: Potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve urban air quality by shifting commuters from cars to high-capacity, efficient public transport.

Challenges

Despite its benefits, BRT implementation faces several challenges:

• Right-of-Way: Securing dedicated lanes in dense urban areas can be politically and financially challenging.
• Public Perception: Overcoming the stigma associated with bus transport in favor of more prestigious rail systems.
• Integration: Effectively integrating BRT with existing transport modes to create a seamless urban mobility experience.

Examples

Notable BRT systems around the world include:

• TransMilenio in Bogotá, Colombia
• Metrobüs in Istanbul, Turkey
• RapidKL in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Select Bus Service in New York City, USA

Future Developments

The future of BRT includes advancements in technology such as electric buses, autonomous driving features, and enhanced passenger information systems. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on integrating BRT with cycling and pedestrian infrastructure to promote sustainable urban mobility.