Butalbital

Butalbital

Butalbital is a barbiturate with an intermediate duration of action. It has the same chemical formula as phenobarbital except that one of the oxygen atoms is replaced by a sulfur atom. Butalbital is often combined with other medications, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or aspirin, and is commonly prescribed for the treatment of pain and headache. The various formulations combined with codeine are FDA approved for the treatment of tension headaches.

Pharmacology

Butalbital has generalized depressant effect on central nervous system and, in very high doses, has peripheral effects. It has a slightly delayed onset of action, with peak blood levels occurring approximately 2 hours after ingestion. It is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine.

Medical uses

Butalbital is a powerful sedative that is used to treat severe insomnia and other sleep disorders. It is also used to treat certain types of headaches and to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain. However, due to its potential for physical and psychological dependence, it is not typically a first choice medication for pain.

Side effects

The most common side effects of butalbital include dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, sedation, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and intoxicated feeling. Serious side effects can occur if the drug is abused or not taken as prescribed.

Interactions

Butalbital may interact with other drugs that cause drowsiness such as antidepressants, antihistamines, sedatives (used to treat insomnia), pain relievers, anxiety medicines, seizure medicines, and muscle relaxants. It also interacts with certain foods, alcohol, and other substances.

See also

• Barbiturate
• Phenobarbital
• Paracetamol
• Aspirin
• Codeine