Butylated hydroxyanisole

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic antioxidant used in food and cosmetic products to prevent oxidation and extend shelf life. It is a white or slightly yellow waxy solid with a faint characteristic odor.

Chemical Structure

BHA is a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is prepared from 4-methoxyphenol and isobutylene.

Uses

BHA is primarily used as an antioxidant and preservative in food, food packaging, cosmetics, rubber, and petroleum products. In foods, it prevents fats and oils from becoming rancid and maintains their nutritional value. In cosmetics, it prevents the oxidation of unsaturated oils, which can cause rancidity and off-odors.

Safety and Regulation

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified BHA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance. However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified BHA as a possible human carcinogen.

Environmental Impact

BHA can enter the environment through the disposal of products containing it. It is not easily biodegradable and can accumulate in aquatic organisms.

See Also

• Butylated hydroxytoluene
• Propyl gallate
• Tertiary butylhydroquinone