Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens IP1204022

Buxaceae, commonly known as the box family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Buxales. This family is characterized by trees, shrubs, and rarely herbs that are found worldwide, particularly in temperate and tropical regions. The most well-known member of this family is the genus Buxus, which includes the common boxwood, a popular ornamental plant used in hedges and topiary.

Description

Members of the Buxaceae family are mostly evergreen trees and shrubs, with a few herbaceous species. They are characterized by simple, opposite leaves that are often leathery and small. The flowers are inconspicuous, with separate male and female flowers that may be on the same plant (monoecious) or on different plants (dioecious). The fruit is a capsule or berry, containing seeds that are sometimes arillate.

Taxonomy

The Buxaceae family has been subject to various classifications but is now well-established in the order Buxales. Within the family, there are about 5 genera and approximately 120 species. The most recognized genus is Buxus, but other genera include Sarcococca, Pachysandra, and Styloceras.

Distribution and Habitat

Buxaceae species are distributed globally, from temperate regions to tropical mountains. They are adaptable to a variety of habitats, from forest understories to mountainous areas, indicating their ecological versatility.

Economic Importance

Several species within the Buxaceae family have significant economic and horticultural value. Buxus species, especially Buxus sempervirens (common boxwood), are widely used in landscaping for hedges, borders, and topiary gardens due to their dense foliage and ability to withstand pruning. Pachysandra species are popular ground cover plants in temperate gardens. Additionally, some species are used in traditional medicine and for timber.

Conservation

While many species within the Buxaceae are common and widely cultivated, there are others that face threats from habitat destruction, overcollection, and diseases such as boxwood blight, caused by the fungus Cylindrocladium buxicola. Conservation efforts are necessary to protect vulnerable species within the family.

Phytochemistry and Uses

Plants in the Buxaceae family contain various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, which have been studied for their potential medicinal properties. However, the toxic nature of some of these compounds limits their use.

See Also

• Ornamental plant
• Hedge
• Topiary
• Phytochemistry