C2 vertebra

C2 Vertebra

The C2 vertebra, also known as the axis, is the second cervical vertebra of the spine. It is unique in its structure and function compared to other vertebrae, as it forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the skull, rotates.

Structure

The C2 vertebra is distinctive with its dens (odontoid process), a strong, tooth-like projection that extends upwards from the body of the vertebra. This dens is held in place by the transverse ligament of atlas, allowing for rotation of the atlas and skull around the dens.

Function

The primary function of the C2 vertebra is to provide support and flexibility to the neck. It allows the head to rotate laterally, providing a significant portion of the total side-to-side range of motion of the head.

Clinical significance

Injuries to the C2 vertebra can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Fractures of the dens are the most common type of C2 fracture. These injuries often occur as a result of high-energy impacts, such as those experienced in motor vehicle accidents or falls. Treatment may involve immobilization with a cervical collar or surgery, depending on the severity of the injury.

See also

• Cervical vertebrae
• Vertebral column
• Spinal cord