CAV-1

CAV-1 (Canine Adenovirus Type 1) is a virus that primarily affects dogs, causing infectious canine hepatitis (ICH). This virus is a member of the Adenoviridae family and is closely related to Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (CAV-2), which is associated with respiratory infections.

Virology

CAV-1 is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. It is highly resistant to environmental conditions and can survive outside the host for extended periods. The virus primarily targets the liver, kidneys, and eyes of infected dogs, leading to a range of clinical symptoms.

Transmission

The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, such as urine, feces, and saliva. It can also be spread indirectly through contaminated objects, such as food bowls, bedding, and water sources.

Clinical Signs

Infected dogs may exhibit a variety of symptoms, including:

• Fever
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Jaundice
• Corneal opacity (often referred to as "blue eye")

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CAV-1 infection is typically based on clinical signs, history of exposure, and laboratory tests. Serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are commonly used to confirm the presence of the virus.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for CAV-1. Supportive care, including fluid therapy, nutritional support, and medications to control symptoms, is the mainstay of treatment. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent CAV-1 infection. The CAV-2 vaccine, which provides cross-protection against CAV-1, is commonly included in the core vaccination schedule for dogs. Good hygiene practices and isolation of infected animals can also help reduce the spread of the virus.

Related Pages

• Canine Adenovirus Type 2
• Infectious Canine Hepatitis
• Adenoviridae
• Vaccination of dogs
• Virus