CD1

CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. However their precise function is unknown.

Structure[edit | edit source]

CD1 molecules are structurally similar to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, however, the CD1 lipid antigen presentation pathway is distinct from the classical MHC peptide antigen presentation pathway. CD1 molecules are transmembrane proteins that have a heavy chain and a light chain. The heavy chain contains three domains: alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3. The alpha1 and alpha2 domains form the antigen-binding groove, which is composed of six pockets (A' to F').

Function[edit | edit source]

CD1 proteins are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. Lipid antigens can be presented by CD1 molecules to T cells, which can then initiate an immune response. The precise function of CD1 molecules is still unknown, but they are thought to play a role in the immune response to infections and in autoimmune diseases.

Types[edit | edit source]

There are five types of human CD1 molecules: CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e. CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c present foreign lipid antigens, while CD1d presents self lipid antigens. CD1e is involved in lipid antigen processing.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

CD1 molecules have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and autoimmune diseases. They are also being investigated for their potential use in cancer immunotherapy.

References[edit | edit source]

CD1 Resources
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