CD11a

CD11a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAL gene. It is also known as integrin alpha-L (ITGAL) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). CD11a plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes.

Structure[edit | edit source]

CD11a is a type of integrin, a large family of proteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. It is composed of two different chains, alpha (CD11a) and beta (CD18), which combine to form the functional LFA-1 complex. The CD11a chain is approximately 180 kDa and contains a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of CD11a is to mediate the adhesion of leukocytes (white blood cells) to endothelial cells, which line the interior surface of blood vessels. This adhesion is a critical step in the immune response, allowing leukocytes to exit the bloodstream and enter tissues where they can combat infection. CD11a also plays a role in the activation of T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Mutations in the ITGAL gene, which encodes CD11a, can lead to a rare immunodeficiency disease known as Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-1 (LAD-1). This disease is characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, delayed wound healing, and impaired immune response. In addition, CD11a has been implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

References[edit | edit source]

CD11a Resources
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