CD51

CD51 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene. This protein is also known as integrin alpha-V (αV). Integrins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate the attachment between a cell and its surroundings, such as other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrin alpha-V forms heterodimers with several different beta subunits, and these heterodimers can bind to a variety of ECM proteins. Among the most common partners for alpha-V are the beta subunits 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8, forming integrins such as αVβ1, αVβ3, αVβ5, αVβ6, and αVβ8. These integrin complexes play crucial roles in various biological processes including cell migration, angiogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.

Function

CD51/αV integrins are involved in a wide range of cellular functions. They are critical for cell adhesion, signaling, and survival. Through binding to ECM proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and osteopontin, these integrins mediate the interaction between cells and their microenvironment. This interaction is essential for processes like tissue repair, immune response, and tumor invasion. In angiogenesis, αV integrins facilitate the migration and survival of endothelial cells, which form the lining of new blood vessels. In the context of cancer, αV integrins contribute to the aggressive behavior of tumor cells by supporting their migration, invasion, and survival in foreign tissue environments.

Clinical Significance

Given their role in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, αV integrins have become a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Inhibitors of αV integrins are being explored for their potential to block tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, because of their involvement in pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and fibrosis, αV integrins are considered targets for the treatment of these diseases as well.

Gene

The ITGAV gene is located on human chromosome 2 and encodes the CD51 protein. Mutations in this gene can affect integrin function, leading to various diseases. However, the specific diseases associated with mutations in the ITGAV gene are not well characterized, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

See Also

• Integrin
• Extracellular matrix
• Cell adhesion
• Angiogenesis
• Cancer metastasis