CDK12

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12)

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) is a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in the regulation of transcription and the maintenance of genomic stability. CDK12 is part of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, which is known for its involvement in cell cycle regulation and transcriptional control.

Structure and Function

CDK12 forms a complex with cyclin K, and this complex is essential for its kinase activity. The primary function of CDK12 is to phosphorylate the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, which is a critical step in the transcription elongation process. This phosphorylation event is necessary for the expression of genes involved in DNA damage response and repair, as well as those required for maintaining genomic stability.

CDK12 is particularly important for the expression of long genes with complex structures, many of which are involved in DNA repair pathways. By regulating these genes, CDK12 helps to ensure that cells can respond effectively to DNA damage and maintain genomic integrity.

Clinical Significance

Mutations and alterations in CDK12 have been implicated in various cancers, including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. These mutations can lead to defects in DNA repair mechanisms, contributing to genomic instability and cancer progression. As a result, CDK12 is considered a potential target for cancer therapy, and inhibitors of CDK12 are being explored as therapeutic agents.

Research and Therapeutic Potential

Research into CDK12 is ongoing, with studies focusing on its role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, and cancer. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which CDK12 functions and how its dysregulation contributes to disease is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

CDK12 inhibitors are being developed and tested in preclinical and clinical settings. These inhibitors aim to exploit the vulnerabilities in cancer cells with defective DNA repair pathways, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for treating certain types of cancer.

Also see

• Cyclin-Dependent Kinase
• RNA Polymerase II
• DNA Damage Response
• Genomic Stability
• Cancer Therapy