CGRP

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. It is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides, which also includes adrenomedullin, amylin, and calcitonin.

Structure

CGRP is a 37-amino acid peptide, derived from the alternative splicing of the primary RNA transcript of the Calcitonin gene. It exists in two forms: α-CGRP and β-CGRP. α-CGRP is primarily expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, while β-CGRP is mainly found in the enteric nervous system.

Function

CGRP is a potent vasodilator and can function in the transmission of pain. It also plays a role in the cardiovascular system, the immune system, and the gastrointestinal system. In the cardiovascular system, CGRP helps to regulate blood pressure and heart rate. In the immune system, it acts as a modulator of immune and inflammatory responses. In the gastrointestinal system, CGRP is involved in the regulation of secretion and motility.

Clinical significance

CGRP has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions, including migraine, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. It is a key player in the pathophysiology of migraines, and CGRP antagonists have been developed as a new class of drugs for the treatment of migraines. In inflammation, CGRP acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In cardiovascular disease, elevated levels of CGRP have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events.

CGRP and Migraine

CGRP levels are significantly elevated during a migraine attack and return to normal with headache relief. CGRP antagonists, also known as gepants, have been developed for the acute treatment of migraines. These drugs work by blocking the CGRP receptor, thereby inhibiting the action of CGRP.

CGRP and Inflammation

CGRP has anti-inflammatory effects and can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is thought to play a role in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

CGRP and Cardiovascular Disease

Elevated levels of CGRP have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. However, the exact role of CGRP in cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood.

See also

• Calcitonin
• Adrenomedullin
• Amylin
• Gepants
• Neuropeptide