Calciferol

Calciferol

Calciferol, also known as vitamin D2, is a type of vitamin D that is important for maintaining healthy bones and teeth. It is one of the two major forms of vitamin D, the other being cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Calciferol is derived from plant sources and is often used in dietary supplements and fortified foods.

Chemical Structure and Synthesis

Calciferol is a secosteroid, which means it is a steroid molecule with a broken ring. It is produced by the ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol, a compound found in fungi and yeast. The chemical formula of calciferol is C28H44O.

Biological Role

Calciferol plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body. It enhances the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, which are essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones. Without adequate vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen.

Sources of Calciferol

Calciferol is found in some plant-based foods and is also available as a dietary supplement. Common sources include:

• Fortified foods such as cereals and plant-based milk alternatives.
• Mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet light.
• Vitamin D2 supplements.

Health Benefits

Adequate intake of calciferol is associated with several health benefits, including:

• Prevention of rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
• Support of immune system function.
• Potential reduction in the risk of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and certain types of cancer.

Deficiency

A deficiency in calciferol can lead to bone disorders such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Symptoms of deficiency may include bone pain and muscle weakness. Risk factors for deficiency include limited sun exposure, certain medical conditions, and dietary restrictions.

Recommended Intake

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin D varies by age, sex, and life stage. It is generally advised that adults consume 600 to 800 IU (International Units) of vitamin D per day, which can be obtained from a combination of dietary sources and sunlight exposure.

Toxicity

While vitamin D toxicity is rare, excessive intake of calciferol can lead to hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood. Symptoms of hypercalcemia include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and serious complications such as kidney damage.

See Also

• Vitamin D
• Cholecalciferol
• Ergosterol

References

• Holick, M. F. (2007). "Vitamin D deficiency." The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(3), 266-281.
• Ross, A. C., Taylor, C. L., Yaktine, A. L., & Del Valle, H. B. (Eds.). (2011). "Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D." National Academies Press.