Calluna vulgaris

Calluna vulgaris, commonly known as heather, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and North America. It is the sole species in the genus Calluna.

Description

Calluna vulgaris is a low-growing perennial shrub growing to 20 to 50 centimetres tall, or rarely to 1 metre and taller, and is widely branched, with upright shoots from a woody base. The leaves are small, 2–8 millimetres long, arranged in opposite pairs along the stems. The flowers emerge in late summer; in wild plants these are usually purple, but white-flowered plants also occur occasionally.

Distribution and habitat

Calluna vulgaris is native to a wide area of Europe, from Ireland to Russia. It is also found in North America, having been introduced there in the 19th century. It grows on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade. It is often dominant on heathland and moorland.

Cultivation and uses

Calluna vulgaris is often used as an ornamental plant in gardens and for landscape architecture, due to its compact habit and the fact it is evergreen and winter-hardy. It is also a popular choice for bonsai. In addition, it has been used in the production of ale, and the shoots were used for making brooms.

Ecology

Calluna vulgaris is a food source for various animals. It provides a habitat for a number of invertebrates. It is also a food source for red grouse and supports a number of rare and declining birds.

See also

• Ericaceae
• Heath (habitat)
• Moorland

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