Calochortus tolmiei

Calochortus tolmiei, commonly known as the Tolmie star-tulip or Tolmie's pussy ears, is a species of flowering plant in the lily family, Liliaceae. It is native to the western United States, particularly in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. This species is named after William Fraser Tolmie, a Scottish-Canadian surgeon, fur trader, and botanist who worked for the Hudson's Bay Company in the Pacific Northwest during the 19th century.

Description

Calochortus tolmiei is a perennial herb that grows from a bulb. It reaches a height of 10 to 40 cm. The leaves are basal, linear, and can be up to 25 cm long but are usually shorter. The flowers, which bloom from April to June, are solitary or occur in clusters of up to three. They are erect and bell-shaped, with three petals and three sepals. The petals are white to lavender or pink, often with a darker purple base, and are covered in hairs. The fruit is a capsule, which contains black, flat seeds.

Habitat and Distribution

Calochortus tolmiei is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, open woodlands, and forest clearings. It prefers well-drained soils and can be found at elevations from sea level to over 2000 meters. Its distribution is primarily in the Pacific Northwest, with populations extending from Northern California through Oregon and into Washington.

Conservation

While Calochortus tolmiei is not currently listed as endangered, its habitats are threatened by urban development, agriculture, and invasive species. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat preservation and the control of invasive species to ensure the survival of this and other native plant species in the region.

Cultivation

Calochortus tolmiei is cultivated as an ornamental plant for gardens and naturalized areas. It requires well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. The bulbs should be planted in the fall for spring flowering. Once established, the plants are relatively low maintenance but may require protection from grazing animals and excessive moisture.

Cultural Significance

The flowers of Calochortus tolmiei have been used by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest for decorative purposes. The bulbs of some Calochortus species were also used as a food source, although there is less documentation on the use of Calochortus tolmiei bulbs for this purpose.