Canalis cervicis uteri

Canalis cervicis uteri is the medical term for the cervical canal, which is a part of the female reproductive system. It is a narrow passage that connects the uterus to the vagina, and it plays a crucial role in both menstruation and childbirth.

Anatomy

The canalis cervicis uteri is located within the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. The canal is approximately 2-3 centimeters long, and its walls are lined with a layer of mucous membrane. This membrane produces mucus that changes in consistency throughout the menstrual cycle, becoming thinner and more permeable during ovulation to facilitate the passage of sperm.

The cervical canal also contains the cervical glands, which produce the mucus. These glands are subject to hormonal control, primarily by estrogen and progesterone.

Function

The primary function of the canalis cervicis uteri is to allow the passage of menstrual blood from the uterus to the vagina. It also serves as a conduit for sperm to travel from the vagina to the uterus during sexual intercourse.

During childbirth, the cervical canal dilates to allow the passage of the baby from the uterus to the vagina. This process, known as cervical dilation, is a key part of the labor process.

Health and Disease

The health of the cervical canal is crucial to both reproductive health and overall female health. Conditions such as cervical stenosis, which is the narrowing of the cervical canal, can lead to problems with menstruation and fertility.

Cervical cancer is a serious health condition that can affect the cervical canal. It is typically caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular screening with Pap smear tests can help detect precancerous changes in the cervical canal early.

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